{"id":1408,"date":"2018-02-08T21:52:35","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T21:52:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ioha.org\/?p=1408"},"modified":"2022-02-24T19:14:39","modified_gmt":"2022-02-24T19:14:39","slug":"la-voz-del-pasado-historia-oral-cuarta-edicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ioha.org\/es\/the-voice-of-the-past-oral-history-fourth-edition\/","title":{"rendered":"La voz del pasado: La historia oral (cuarta edici\u00f3n)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Reviewed by\u00a0Benji de la Piedra<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>The Voice of the Past: Oral History<\/em>\u00a0(Fourth Edition); Paul Thompson and Joanna Bornat; Oxford University Press 2017; $39.95; Paperback; ISBN 978-0-19-933546-6; 484 pages.<\/p>\n<p><em>The Voice of the Past<\/em>, a foundational text in the field of Anglophone oral history, has been thoroughly updated to encompass a more global scope of oral history research traditions, and to reflect the many advances logged by oral historians in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century. First published in 1978, with second and third editions published in 1988 and 2000, <em>The Voice of the Past<\/em> features major revisions and additions in its newly published fourth edition. These are composed not only by Thompson, but also by the volume\u2019s new co-author Joanna Bornat. (The book also features a short new chapter on oral history theory by guest-contributor Lynn Abrams.)<\/p>\n<p>New additions to the book include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cReaching Out: Other Cultures,\u201d a chapter that surveys oral history traditions and trends in non-Anglophone parts of the world<\/li>\n<li>\u201cParallel Strands,\u201d a chapter that surveys developments in several fields that contribute significantly to oral history\u2019s interdisciplinary endeavor, including visual media, public history, sociology, narrative studies, and memory studies<\/li>\n<li>\u201cTransforming Oral History Through Theory,\u201d Abrams\u2019s chapter, which introduces several poststructuralist concepts for analyzing \u201c<em>how<\/em> and <em>why<\/em> something is said\u201d (132) in a given interview<\/li>\n<li>Ample discussion of 21<sup>st<\/sup> century oral history projects and developments in the field, woven into heavily revised chapters such as \u201cThe Achievement of Oral History,\u201d \u201cMemory and the Self,\u201d \u201cProjects,\u201d and \u201cInterpretation\u201d<\/li>\n<li>A series of boxes inserted throughout the text, which present interview extracts from books discussed by Thompson and Bornat<\/li>\n<li>A bibliography of almost 500 oral history books, and an index of 80 oral history websites<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thompson\u2019s overarching intention remains the same as in previous editions: to demonstrate oral history\u2019s distinctiveness and validity as a method of social research. Thus, while he and Bornat write in the book\u2019s preface that \u201c<em>The Voice of the Past <\/em>is meant for oral historians of all kinds, not just academics\u201d (x), the structure and underlying stances of this book make clear that it intends primarily to cultivate oral historians in the mold of objective, disinterested researchers\u2014rather than, say, that of partisan activists or more idiosyncratic creatives.<\/p>\n<p>The book\u2019s first two chapters therefore remain basically unchanged, and are addressed to readers who must first be convinced of oral history\u2019s methodological legitimacy and civic potency. Chapter One, \u201cHistory and the Community\u201d\u2014which Thompson and Bornat call \u201ca manifesto\u2026about the potential social value of oral history\u201d (ix)\u2014frames oral history as an essential tool for completing and balancing the historical record. Chapter Two, \u201cHistorians and Oral History,\u201d presents a sprawling intellectual history of historians and social researchers (in the Anglophone world, as well as in 19<sup>th<\/sup> century France and Germany) using oral evidence and life story interviewing techniques. The chapter concludes that the gathering and interpretation of oral evidence by historians is due for a comeback, since these are \u201cthe oldest skill[s] of their own craft\u201d (70).<\/p>\n<p>These two chapters are followed by a series of chapters that further elaborate the disciplinary tradition and outlook of oral history research: \u201cReaching Out: Other Cultures,\u201d \u201cParallel Strands,\u201d \u201cTransforming Oral History Through Theory,\u201d \u201cThe Achievement of Oral History,\u201d \u201cEvidence,\u201d \u201cMemory and the Self,\u201d and \u201cProjects.\u201d These chapters\u2014as well as the last three chapters on \u201cThe Interview,\u201d \u201cAfter the Interview,\u201d and \u201cInterpretation\u201d\u2014are written as surveys. They attempt to communicate an encyclopedic scope of information in a narrative prose style. This attempt produces stretches of writing throughout the book that struggle to cohere from paragraph to paragraph, and may not easily maintain the reader\u2019s attention.<\/p>\n<p>And to be sure, although the survey approach is ambitious, it poses the risk of oversimplification. Take for instance the following summary about \u201cthe evolving genre of black autobiography\u201d from Chapter Two: \u201cThis began in the 1830s with slave narratives, often ghosted by a white writer, strongly Christian in style, and used to support the campaign for the abolition of slavery. The most famous of these is <em>The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave <\/em>(1845)\u201d (35). The composition and arrangement of these sentences would lead the uninformed reader to believe, erroneously, that Douglass\u2019s autobiography was ghostwritten by a white person. Thus any of the general pronouncements that Thompson and Bornat make about oral history trends and traditions around the world should be vetted by a deeper exploration into the particular literature before being cited uncritically.<\/p>\n<p>There are parts of this book that will energize the reader, by making apparent the depth of Thompson and Bornat\u2019s feeling for the utility, allure, and fundamental goodness of oral history. Chapter Seven, \u201cEvidence\u201d (which Bornat took the lead on revising) is the prime example. Here, with inspired eloquence, the authors thoroughly dismantle the classic, misguided critique of oral history as an unreliable source of information about the past. The authors systematically demonstrate the presence of bias in both written and quantitative historical documents, forcefully asserting that \u201cthe problem of memory is not peculiar to the oral historian, but basic to social research\u201d (214). They draw attention to the \u201cconsiderable advantage\u201d enjoyed by oral historians, who are able to draw on the \u201cabundance of sociological discussion on the interview method, the sources of bias in it, and how these may be estimated and minimized\u201d\u2014\u201cDiscussion of the bias similarly inherent in all written documentation is by comparison scarce,\u201d they write (189). Oral historians of all stripes, both seasoned and novice, ought to read this chapter closely.<\/p>\n<p>However, despite offering a comprehensive introduction to oral history as a field, <em>The Voice of the Past<\/em> fails to frame oral history as an individual\u2019s <em>practice<\/em>, and this is the volume\u2019s chief flaw. Practical guidance on doing oral history is not offered until Chapter Ten, \u201cThe Interview,\u201d and even then it is overly formulaic. Neutrality is advanced as the interviewer\u2019s prime ethic\u2014as echoed by the more than twenty boxes containing interview extracts throughout the book, of which only one includes an interviewer question. By working so hard to justify oral history in the terms of social-scientific research, Thompson and Bornat neglect to elaborate the methodological pragmatism and intersubjective self-implication that are responsible for oral history\u2019s essential humanism.<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s missing in this chapter, indeed throughout this book, is any mention of self-reflection, experimentation, or trial-and-error as the driving forces of an oral historian\u2019s personal development as a researcher. The authors of this book do not give their reader sufficient permission or tools to make informed adaptations of their method based on present circumstances, past experience, or future objectives.<\/p>\n<p>Certainly, <em>The Voice of the Past<\/em> remains an important touchstone, arguably required reading, for those who lay claim to membership in the interdisciplinary field of oral history. The book especially belongs on the shelves of individuals who teach and speak on behalf of oral history to people uninitiated in the field. However, practitioners of oral history will likely find the experience of reading this book from cover to cover rather ponderous and impractical. I advise them to treat this book as a reference volume, to be consulted as a trailhead for many, many facets of oral history\u2019s method, theory, antecedents, findings, and promise.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Benji de la Piedra is an oral historian and writer living in Little Rock, Arkansas, documenting the early life and community history of Herbert H. Denton, Jr. Along with Mario Alvarez, de la Piedra is Co-Founder, Co-Director, and Co-Lead Interviewer of the Columbia Life Histories Project.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[15],"class_list":["post-1408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives","tag-reviews"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Voice of the Past: Oral History (Fourth Edition) - International Oral History Association %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ioha.org\/es\/la-voz-del-pasado-historia-oral-cuarta-edicion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Voice of the Past: Oral History (Fourth Edition) - International Oral History Association %\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Reviewed by\u00a0Benji de la Piedra &nbsp; The Voice of the Past: Oral History\u00a0(Fourth Edition); Paul Thompson and Joanna Bornat; Oxford University Press 2017; $39.95; Paperback; ISBN 978-0-19-933546-6; 484 pages. 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